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There are
39 categories of "work" that are not allowed on
Shabbat. These are called "Melachah". The aspect of "positive
purpose" is derived from the context where the term "Melechet
Machashevet" appears in the Bible, namely that of the
construction of the Mishkan, the temporary structure which served
the function of national religious and spiritual center of the
Jewish People in Pre-Temple times. It turns out that the list of
melachot (plural for Melachah) corresponds exactly with the
operations, which were performed during the construction of the
Mishkan.
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